UPSC Environment

Fundamentals · Prelims GS-I

• Ecosystem →
• Biotic and abiotic components →
• Food chain →
• Food web →
• Ecological pyramids →
• Energy flow →
• Productivity →
• Nutrient cycles →
• Ecological succession →
• Ecological niche →
• Carrying capacity →
• Population ecology →
• Community ecology →

Conservation biology · Prelims GS-I

• Genetic diversity →
• Species diversity →
• Ecosystem diversity →
• Endemism →
• Hotspots →
• Keystone species →
• Flagship species →
• Indicator species →
• Invasive alien species →
• Extinction →
• IUCN categories →
• Biodiversity loss →
• Habitat fragmentation →

Conservation areas · Prelims GS-I

• National parks →
• Wildlife sanctuaries →
• Biosphere reserves →
• Tiger reserves →
• Elephant reserves →
• Ramsar sites →
• Conservation reserves →
• Community reserves →
• Marine protected areas →
• Eco-sensitive zones →

Environmental pollution · Prelims GS-I

• Air pollution →
• Water pollution →
• Soil pollution →
• Noise pollution →
• Plastic pollution →
• E-waste →
• Biomedical waste →
• Hazardous waste →
• Solid waste →
• Thermal pollution →
• Radioactive pollution →

Climate governance · Prelims GS-I

• Greenhouse gases →
• Global warming →
• Carbon cycle →
• Carbon budget →
• Mitigation →
• Adaptation →
• Net zero →
• NDCs →
• Carbon markets →
• Climate finance →
• Loss and damage →
• IPCC →
• UNFCCC →
• Kyoto Protocol →
• Paris Agreement →
• Montreal Protocol →